lodash 4.16.0 - as small as it gets (near-perfect GZIP compression)

Choose a version:

The original file has 531923 bytes (519.5k) and is available from the project website.
There you can find the official minified version, too, which brings down the size to 71054 bytes (69.4k, 13%).

After GZIP compression these minified files vary in size:

Boot	27827 bytes (27.2k)	CDN
cdnjs	24924 bytes (24.3k)	CDN
gzip -6 (default)	23578 bytes (23.0k)	local copy
unpkg	23539 bytes (23.0k)	CDN
jsdelivr	23524 bytes (23.0k)	CDN
gzip -9	23518 bytes (23.0k)	local copy
libdeflate -12	22810 bytes (22.3k)	local copy
7zip -mx=9 -tgzip	22719 bytes (22.2k)	local copy
zultra	22697 bytes (22.2k)	local copy
kzip -s0 -rn -b5	22689 bytes (22.2k)	local copy
pigz -11 -n	22641 bytes (22.1k)	local copy
Zopfli	22586 bytes (22.1k)	local copy

perma-link to the smallest file on my server:
http://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.0.min.js (or via HTTPS)

You will automatically get the smallest lodash 4.16.0 file, ETag caching is available and
if your browser doesn't support GZIP decompression then the uncompressed version will be sent.

Currently best Zopfli settings

Save 938 bytes by using my lodash 4.16.0 Zopfli version instead of the best available CDN (4.15% smaller than jsdelivr, 22586 vs. 23524 bytes):

Download

You can use my super-compressed files for whatever purpose you like as long as you respect the library's original license agreement.
There are no restrictions from my side - but please avoid hot-linking if you run a high-traffic website.

These command-line settings yielded the best compression ratio so far (Linux version of zopfli-krzymod):
zopfli --i1000000 --mb8 --mls16 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh

(found September 20, 2016)

Description	Value	Parameter
iterations	1000000	--i1000000
maximum blocks	8	--mb8
maximum length score	16	--mls16
block splitting recursion	14	--bsr14
lazy matching in LZ77	yes	--lazy
optimized Huffman headers	yes	--ohh
initial random W for iterations	1	--rw1
initial random Z for iterations	2	--rz2

Verify file integrity

After decompression, my uncompressed files are identical to the original ones:

MD5:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.16.0/dist/lodash.min.js --location | md5sum
0cc0afe3bbec99e9346623f95c1a016f -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.0.min.zopfli.js.gz | md5sum
0cc0afe3bbec99e9346623f95c1a016f -

SHA1:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.16.0/dist/lodash.min.js --location | sha1sum
dc9abcbc0cde0e25a65f0fafc548a7c3d1e854c7 -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.0.min.zopfli.js.gz | sha1sum
dc9abcbc0cde0e25a65f0fafc548a7c3d1e854c7 -

These CDNs send you the original file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Timestamp
unpkg	23539 bytes	0cc0afe3bbec99e9346623f95c1a016f	September 19, 2016 @ 17:50
jsdelivr	23524 bytes	0cc0afe3bbec99e9346623f95c1a016f	September 19, 2016 @ 18:17

And some CDNs send you a different file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Comment / Diff	Timestamp
Boot	27827 bytes	63e2aeeb9d17534ed6690aad03a2a6b9	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function o(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,i=t?t.length:0;for(e&&i&&(r=t[++u]);++u<i;)r=n(r, [...] < break t}t=-1}else t=g(t,b,r);return t}function y(t,n,r,e){ [...] < var i=n(t[e]);i!==N&&(r=r===N?i:r+i)}return r}function E(t [...] < return t.forEach(function(t,e){r[++n]=[e,t]}),r}function C [...] [...]	September 21, 2016 @ 17:15
cdnjs	24924 bytes	63e2aeeb9d17534ed6690aad03a2a6b9	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function o(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,i=t?t.length:0;for(e&&i&&(r=t[++u]);++u<i;)r=n(r, [...] < break t}t=-1}else t=g(t,b,r);return t}function y(t,n,r,e){ [...] < var i=n(t[e]);i!==N&&(r=r===N?i:r+i)}return r}function E(t [...] < return t.forEach(function(t,e){r[++n]=[e,t]}),r}function C [...] [...]	September 19, 2016 @ 18:32

Note: only the MD5 hashes are shown to keep things simple.

Other Versions

Available lodash versions at minime.stephan-brumme.com:

4.17.21, 4.17.20, 4.17.19, 4.17.18, 4.17.17, 4.17.16, 4.17.15, 4.17.14, 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.11, 4.17.10, 4.17.9, 4.17.5, 4.17.4, 4.17.3, 4.17.2, 4.17.1, 4.17.0, 4.16.6, 4.16.5, 4.16.4, 4.16.3, 4.16.2, 4.16.1, 4.16.0, 4.15.0, 4.14.2, 4.14.1, 4.14.0, 4.13.1, 4.13.0, 4.12.0, 4.11.2, 4.11.1, 4.11.0, 4.10.0,
4.9.0, 4.8.2, 4.8.1, 4.8.0, 4.7.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.0, 4.5.1, 4.5.0, 4.4.0, 4.3.0, 4.2.1, 4.2.0, 4.1.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.0

The project site contains an overview how well these versions were compressed.
Other interesting projects are AngularJS, BackboneJS, Bootstrap, D3, Dojo, Ember, jQuery, Knockout, React, Socket.IO, ThreeJS, UnderscoreJS and Vue.

Changelog

Best Zopfli parameters so far:

Size	Improvement	Parameters	Found
22586 bytes	-1 byte	zopfli --i1000000 --mls16 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 20, 2016 @ 16:08
22587 bytes	-2 bytes	zopfli --i100000 --mls16 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 20, 2016 @ 00:49
22589 bytes	-3 bytes	zopfli --i100000 --mls16 --bsr40 --lazy --ohh	September 19, 2016 @ 18:46
22592 bytes	-6 bytes	zopfli --i10000 --mls16 --bsr40 --lazy --ohh	September 19, 2016 @ 18:05
22598 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls256 --bsr13 --lazy --ohh	September 19, 2016 @ 17:56
22602 bytes	-8 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls256 --bsr15 --lazy --ohh	September 19, 2016 @ 17:56
22610 bytes	–	zopfli --i100 --mls256 --bsr15 --lazy --ohh	September 19, 2016 @ 17:54

If there are multiple parameter sets yielding the same compressed size, only the first one found is shown.

Most recent activity on July 20, 2020 @ 12:43.

Heatmaps

This Zopfli heatmap visualizes how compression changes when modifying the --bsr and --mls parameter.
Cell's contents is the best filesize achieved (in bytes, hover with mouse over cells to see number of iterations).

Good parameters are green, bad are red. The best and worst are bold as well.
The brightness of the blue background color indicates how many iterations were processed:
10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000.

bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
2	22656	22650	22650	22651	22656	22651	22655	22658	22656	22658	22664	22637	22634	22624	22629
4	22629	22624	22618	22598	22610	22604	22619	22615	22604	22608	22620	22629	22619	22611	22609
6	22601	22602	22604	22608	22603	22611	22614	22599	22603	22601	22613	22609	22609	22626	22602
7	22611	22597	22599	22615	22617	22626	22599	22596	22621	22619	22614	22604	22611	22619	22619
8	22613	22604	22612	22610	22612	22609	22613	22609	22603	22610	22622	22606	22607	22622	22602
9	22598	22600	22604	22597	22604	22613	22600	22597	22601	22603	22610	22605	22605	22607	22610
10	22603	22608	22606	22589	22605	22605	22606	22614	22608	22605	22599	22610	22604	22616	22606
11	22627	22607	22610	22591	22598	22603	22613	22596	22603	22605	22622	22612	22608	22618	22617
12	22600	22613	22604	22599	22599	22603	22605	22597	22601	22604	22609	22603	22607	22619	22615
13	22604	22597	22606	22598	22607	22607	22619	22592	22599	22604	22604	22606	22622	22619	22611
14	22607	22602	22598	22586	22606	22609	22605	22603	22607	22612	22606	22610	22616	22620	22603
15	22601	22595	22603	22613	22606	22613	22604	22597	22609	22601	22622	22608	22611	22622	22601
16	22606	22601	22600	22600	22602	22603	22609	22601	22600	22608	22607	22612	22629	22619	22604
17	22597	22597	22597	22608	22612	22603	22613	22598	22601	22608	22606	22610	22610	22619	22604
18	22599	22603	22604	22590	22603	22604	22607	22603	22603	22605	22611	22605	22603	22621	22605
19	22607	22601	22606	22605	22601	22608	22604	22604	22606	22606	22604	22605	22603	22620	22614
20	22605	22602	22603	22598	22602	22600	22613	22603	22599	22603	22603	22611	22614	22620	22612
21	22605	22621	22598	22604	22597	22609	22607	22607	22608	22612	22607	22610	22605	22618	22605
22	22600	22601	22601	22591	22610	22604	22608	22602	22602	22606	22600	22606	22604	22610	22617
23	22596	22608	22604	22597	22603	22606	22601	22604	22597	22601	22621	22606	22608	22622	22603
25	22600	22608	22612	22595	22604	22602	22601	22599	22605	22601	22604	22605	22604	22619	22604
30	22625	22605	22608	22598	22602	22600	22611	22604	22605	22605	22616	22607	22616	22610	22601
40	22611	22614	22598	22587	22606	22600	22604	22598	22599	22599	22609	22604	22605	22619	22606

Due to the Monte Carlo design of my search algorithm, not all parameters have reached the same number of iterations yet:

Iterations	Min. Bytes	Reduction	Coverage
100	22610 bytes	–	100%
1,000	22598 bytes	-12 bytes	100%
10,000	22591 bytes	-7 bytes	100%
100,000	22587 bytes	-4 bytes	2.03%
1,000,000	22586 bytes	-1 byte	0.58%
10,000,000	–	–	–

KZIP has far less options available for tuning/optimization. I only played around with the number of blocks (parameter -n):

Blocks	Min. Bytes	Compared To Best Zopfli	Compared To Best KZIP
(any)	22698 bytes	+112 bytes (+0.50%)	+9 bytes
1	22830 bytes	+244 bytes (+1.08%)	+141 bytes
2	22716 bytes	+130 bytes (+0.58%)	+27 bytes
3	22711 bytes	+125 bytes (+0.55%)	+22 bytes
4	22699 bytes	+113 bytes (+0.50%)	+10 bytes
5	22689 bytes	+103 bytes (+0.46%)	–
6	22711 bytes	+125 bytes (+0.55%)	+22 bytes
7	22738 bytes	+152 bytes (+0.67%)	+49 bytes
8	22770 bytes	+184 bytes (+0.81%)	+81 bytes

Non-DEFLATE Algorithms

Archivers based on completely different compression algorithms often produce superior results.
Unfortunately, browsers only support gzip compression at the moment.
However, support for Brotli is constantly growing - for example, your browser actually supports it !

Algorithm	Program	Parameters	Size	Compared To Best Zopfli
ZPAQ (Wikipedia)	zpaq	zpaq -method 69	19052 bytes	-3534 bytes (-15.65%)
RAR (proprietary)	RAR	rar a -m5 -md64m -mc63:128t -mt1	19600 bytes	-2986 bytes (-13.22%)
PPMd (Wikipedia)	7zip	7za a -mx=9 -m0=ppmd	19949 bytes	-2637 bytes (-11.68%)
Brotli (Wikipedia)	brotli	brotli -q 11	21153 bytes	-1433 bytes (-6.34%)
LZMA2 (Wikipedia)	xz	xz -9	21640 bytes	-946 bytes (-4.19%)
Burrows-Wheeler transform (Wikipedia)	bzip2	bzip2 -9	21983 bytes	-603 bytes (-2.67%)
Zstandard (Wikipedia)	zstd	zstd -19	22493 bytes	-93 bytes (-0.41%)

Detailled Analysis

I wrote a DEFLATE decoder in Javascript. Click the button below to start a client-side analysis of the smallest gzipped files (may take a second):

Load and Parse Data

Notes: pigz is a fast open source multi-threaded implementation of gzip written by one of the original authors of gzip.
However, when using compression level 11, pigz actually switches to the slower Zopfli algorithm and isn't multi-threaded anymore.
KrzyMOD's extensions to Zopfli offer the highest level of configuration and is therefore used for my brute-force search.
Ken Silverman wrote the closed-source KZIP compression program and Jonathon Fowler ported it to Linux.
Defluff was created by Joachim Henke; DeflOpt is a tool by Ben Jos Walbeehm.

website made by Stephan Brumme in 2015 and still improving in 2025.
all timestamps are displayed in central european time. see my changelog.
no flash, not even images or external css files - and everything squeezed into a single html file.
which was handsomely compressed before releasing it into the wild internet - obviously.

please visit my homepage and my blog, too.
email: minime (at) stephan-brumme.com

All trademarks are property of their respective owners. You know, the boring legal stuff.