lodash 4.14.1 - as small as it gets (near-perfect GZIP compression)

Choose a version:

The original file has 522610 bytes (510.4k) and is available from the project website.
There you can find the official minified version, too, which brings down the size to 69107 bytes (67.5k, 13%).

After GZIP compression these minified files vary in size:

Boot	27290 bytes (26.7k)	CDN
cdnjs	24249 bytes (23.7k)	CDN
gzip -6 (default)	23078 bytes (22.5k)	local copy
unpkg	23063 bytes (22.5k)	CDN
jsdelivr	23019 bytes (22.5k)	CDN
gzip -9	23016 bytes (22.5k)	local copy
libdeflate -12	22327 bytes (21.8k)	local copy
7zip -mx=9 -tgzip	22282 bytes (21.8k)	local copy
zultra	22281 bytes (21.8k)	local copy
kzip -s0 -rn -b4	22263 bytes (21.7k)	local copy
pigz -11 -n	22235 bytes (21.7k)	local copy
Zopfli	22188 bytes (21.7k)	local copy

perma-link to the smallest file on my server:
http://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.14.1.min.js (or via HTTPS)

You will automatically get the smallest lodash 4.14.1 file, ETag caching is available and
if your browser doesn't support GZIP decompression then the uncompressed version will be sent.

Currently best Zopfli settings

Save 831 bytes by using my lodash 4.14.1 Zopfli version instead of the best available CDN (3.75% smaller than jsdelivr, 22188 vs. 23019 bytes):

Download

You can use my super-compressed files for whatever purpose you like as long as you respect the library's original license agreement.
There are no restrictions from my side - but please avoid hot-linking if you run a high-traffic website.

These command-line settings yielded the best compression ratio so far (Linux version of zopfli-krzymod):
zopfli --i1000000 --mb8 --mls256 --bsr21 --lazy --ohh

(found July 29, 2016)

Description	Value	Parameter
iterations	1000000	--i1000000
maximum blocks	8	--mb8
maximum length score	256	--mls256
block splitting recursion	21	--bsr21
lazy matching in LZ77	yes	--lazy
optimized Huffman headers	yes	--ohh
initial random W for iterations	1	--rw1
initial random Z for iterations	2	--rz2

Verify file integrity

After decompression, my uncompressed files are identical to the original ones:

MD5:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.14.1/dist/lodash.min.js --location | md5sum
4836716efb8c406b7a67499c93076339 -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.14.1.min.zopfli.js.gz | md5sum
4836716efb8c406b7a67499c93076339 -

SHA1:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.14.1/dist/lodash.min.js --location | sha1sum
f2629f8a8fc1be9e0d9fd6c2f6188d54cf10a8ff -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.14.1.min.zopfli.js.gz | sha1sum
f2629f8a8fc1be9e0d9fd6c2f6188d54cf10a8ff -

These CDNs send you the original file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Timestamp
unpkg	23063 bytes	4836716efb8c406b7a67499c93076339	July 29, 2016 @ 23:29
jsdelivr	23019 bytes	4836716efb8c406b7a67499c93076339	(invalid)

And some CDNs send you a different file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Comment / Diff	Timestamp
Boot	27290 bytes	5cfaf2056634e8c0c5f3ccf7da4f4c7a	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function i(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,o=t?t.length:0;for(e&&o&&(r=t[++u]);++u<o;)r=n(r, [...] < return-1}function y(t,n,r,e){--r;for(var u=t.length;++r<u; [...] < }return r}function k(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=Array(t);++r<t;)e [...] < n=!!(t+"")}catch(t){}return n}function L(t){for(var n,r=[] [...] [...]	July 29, 2016 @ 16:04
cdnjs	24249 bytes	5cfaf2056634e8c0c5f3ccf7da4f4c7a	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function i(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,o=t?t.length:0;for(e&&o&&(r=t[++u]);++u<o;)r=n(r, [...] < return-1}function y(t,n,r,e){--r;for(var u=t.length;++r<u; [...] < }return r}function k(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=Array(t);++r<t;)e [...] < n=!!(t+"")}catch(t){}return n}function L(t){for(var n,r=[] [...] [...]	(invalid)

Note: only the MD5 hashes are shown to keep things simple.

Other Versions

Available lodash versions at minime.stephan-brumme.com:

4.17.21, 4.17.20, 4.17.19, 4.17.18, 4.17.17, 4.17.16, 4.17.15, 4.17.14, 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.11, 4.17.10, 4.17.9, 4.17.5, 4.17.4, 4.17.3, 4.17.2, 4.17.1, 4.17.0, 4.16.6, 4.16.5, 4.16.4, 4.16.3, 4.16.2, 4.16.1, 4.16.0, 4.15.0, 4.14.2, 4.14.1, 4.14.0, 4.13.1, 4.13.0, 4.12.0, 4.11.2, 4.11.1, 4.11.0, 4.10.0,
4.9.0, 4.8.2, 4.8.1, 4.8.0, 4.7.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.0, 4.5.1, 4.5.0, 4.4.0, 4.3.0, 4.2.1, 4.2.0, 4.1.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.0

The project site contains an overview how well these versions were compressed.
Other interesting projects are AngularJS, BackboneJS, Bootstrap, D3, Dojo, Ember, jQuery, Knockout, React, Socket.IO, ThreeJS, UnderscoreJS and Vue.

Changelog

Best Zopfli parameters so far:

Size	Improvement	Parameters	Found
22188 bytes	-3 bytes	zopfli --i1000000 --mls256 --bsr21 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 18:00
22191 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i100000 --mls256 --bsr21 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 12:07
22195 bytes	-1 byte	zopfli --i100000 --mls64 --bsr8 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 11:30
22196 bytes	-1 byte	zopfli --i10000 --mls256 --bsr21 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 11:17
22197 bytes	-1 byte	zopfli --i10000 --mls64 --bsr8 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 10:55
22198 bytes	-2 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls64 --bsr8 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 10:51
22200 bytes	-6 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls64 --bsr17 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 10:51
22206 bytes	–	zopfli --i100 --mls32 --bsr9 --lazy --ohh	July 29, 2016 @ 10:48

If there are multiple parameter sets yielding the same compressed size, only the first one found is shown.

Most recent activity on July 20, 2020 @ 12:49.

Heatmaps

This Zopfli heatmap visualizes how compression changes when modifying the --bsr and --mls parameter.
Cell's contents is the best filesize achieved (in bytes, hover with mouse over cells to see number of iterations).

Good parameters are green, bad are red. The best and worst are bold as well.
The brightness of the blue background color indicates how many iterations were processed:
10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000.

bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
2	22229	22228	22230	22234	22234	22231	22233	22232	22231	22233	22232	22229	22231	22235	22235
4	22212	22216	22225	22218	22230	22226	22218	22222	22195	22223	22220	22213	22227	22219	22234
6	22205	22205	22205	22207	22207	22236	22213	22211	22201	22212	22201	22217	22206	22224	22209
7	22207	22210	22221	22207	22225	22209	22212	22210	22209	22211	22212	22202	22213	22228	22213
8	22216	22208	22208	22215	22208	22195	22214	22207	22213	22217	22199	22202	22224	22212	22213
9	22209	22201	22217	22199	22195	22200	22203	22212	22199	22211	22199	22200	22211	22212	22223
10	22214	22215	22220	22223	22208	22195	22213	22207	22214	22212	22215	22200	22215	22205	22216
11	22213	22208	22225	22217	22209	22225	22211	22211	22191	22211	22212	22202	22207	22223	22216
12	22200	22199	22218	22206	22210	22207	22216	22207	22199	22212	22217	22204	22216	22228	22210
13	22217	22213	22219	22222	22231	22208	22212	22208	22199	22213	22214	22203	22202	22201	22211
14	22216	22208	22219	22208	22209	22194	22213	22209	22201	22211	22212	22214	22214	22228	22213
15	22215	22211	22225	22206	22214	22204	22213	22211	22210	22211	22210	22201	22200	22224	22211
16	22208	22206	22221	22224	22207	22200	22211	22211	22200	22212	22219	22200	22218	22214	22216
17	22209	22207	22206	22214	22207	22195	22210	22208	22214	22214	22200	22200	22199	22211	22215
18	22209	22209	22224	22213	22204	22215	22212	22210	22211	22212	22212	22202	22202	22204	22209
19	22207	22199	22201	22219	22205	22206	22214	22199	22200	22212	22199	22207	22202	22208	22210
20	22208	22213	22206	22203	22203	22210	22213	22213	22213	22210	22201	22211	22200	22218	22209
21	22208	22210	22218	22209	22205	22203	22212	22188	22199	22209	22210	22203	22208	22226	22212
22	22215	22205	22216	22206	22222	22213	22211	22208	22207	22217	22219	22211	22207	22226	22215
23	22213	22206	22229	22217	22211	22214	22211	22209	22189	22209	22211	22203	22206	22209	22215
25	22213	22209	22221	22217	22223	22217	22210	22212	22210	22213	22219	22213	22205	22225	22213
30	22211	22207	22205	22206	22206	22200	22202	22207	22213	22210	22210	22202	22203	22207	22212
40	22209	22200	22206	22206	22201	22207	22203	22210	22200	22218	22215	22200	22211	22215	22208

Due to the Monte Carlo design of my search algorithm, not all parameters have reached the same number of iterations yet:

Iterations	Min. Bytes	Reduction	Coverage
100	22206 bytes	–	100%
1,000	22198 bytes	-8 bytes	100%
10,000	22196 bytes	-2 bytes	100%
100,000	22191 bytes	-5 bytes	2.61%
1,000,000	22188 bytes	-3 bytes	0.87%
10,000,000	–	–	–

KZIP has far less options available for tuning/optimization. I only played around with the number of blocks (parameter -n):

Blocks	Min. Bytes	Compared To Best Zopfli	Compared To Best KZIP
(any)	22278 bytes	+90 bytes (+0.41%)	+15 bytes
1	22336 bytes	+148 bytes (+0.67%)	+73 bytes
2	22265 bytes	+77 bytes (+0.35%)	+2 bytes
3	22277 bytes	+89 bytes (+0.40%)	+14 bytes
4	22263 bytes	+75 bytes (+0.34%)	–
5	22283 bytes	+95 bytes (+0.43%)	+20 bytes
6	22296 bytes	+108 bytes (+0.49%)	+33 bytes
7	22324 bytes	+136 bytes (+0.61%)	+61 bytes
8	22350 bytes	+162 bytes (+0.73%)	+87 bytes

Non-DEFLATE Algorithms

Archivers based on completely different compression algorithms often produce superior results.
Unfortunately, browsers only support gzip compression at the moment.
However, support for Brotli is constantly growing - for example, your browser actually supports it !

Algorithm	Program	Parameters	Size	Compared To Best Zopfli
ZPAQ (Wikipedia)	zpaq	zpaq -method 69	18719 bytes	-3469 bytes (-15.63%)
RAR (proprietary)	RAR	rar a -m5 -md64m -mc63:128t -mt1	19086 bytes	-3102 bytes (-13.98%)
PPMd (Wikipedia)	7zip	7za a -mx=9 -m0=ppmd	19487 bytes	-2701 bytes (-12.17%)
Brotli (Wikipedia)	brotli	brotli -q 11	20839 bytes	-1349 bytes (-6.08%)
LZMA2 (Wikipedia)	xz	xz -9	21324 bytes	-864 bytes (-3.89%)
Burrows-Wheeler transform (Wikipedia)	bzip2	bzip2 -9	21488 bytes	-700 bytes (-3.15%)
Zstandard (Wikipedia)	zstd	zstd -19	22047 bytes	-141 bytes (-0.64%)

Detailled Analysis

I wrote a DEFLATE decoder in Javascript. Click the button below to start a client-side analysis of the smallest gzipped files (may take a second):

Load and Parse Data

Notes: pigz is a fast open source multi-threaded implementation of gzip written by one of the original authors of gzip.
However, when using compression level 11, pigz actually switches to the slower Zopfli algorithm and isn't multi-threaded anymore.
KrzyMOD's extensions to Zopfli offer the highest level of configuration and is therefore used for my brute-force search.
Ken Silverman wrote the closed-source KZIP compression program and Jonathon Fowler ported it to Linux.
Defluff was created by Joachim Henke; DeflOpt is a tool by Ben Jos Walbeehm.

website made by Stephan Brumme in 2015 and still improving in 2025.
all timestamps are displayed in central european time. see my changelog.
no flash, not even images or external css files - and everything squeezed into a single html file.
which was handsomely compressed before releasing it into the wild internet - obviously.

please visit my homepage and my blog, too.
email: minime (at) stephan-brumme.com

All trademarks are property of their respective owners. You know, the boring legal stuff.