lodash 4.13.0 - as small as it gets (near-perfect GZIP compression)

Choose a version:

The original file has 515215 bytes (503.1k) and is available from the project website.
There you can find the official minified version, too, which brings down the size to 67891 bytes (66.3k, 13%).

After GZIP compression these minified files vary in size:

Boot	26687 bytes (26.1k)	CDN
cdnjs	23602 bytes (23.0k)	CDN
unpkg	22500 bytes (22.0k)	CDN
gzip -6 (default)	22484 bytes (22.0k)	local copy
gzip -9	22417 bytes (21.9k)	local copy
jsdelivr	22416 bytes (21.9k)	CDN
libdeflate -12	21732 bytes (21.2k)	local copy
7zip -mx=9 -tgzip	21674 bytes (21.2k)	local copy
zultra	21663 bytes (21.2k)	local copy
kzip -s0 -rn -b4	21661 bytes (21.2k)	local copy
pigz -11 -n	21639 bytes (21.1k)	local copy
Zopfli	21590 bytes (21.1k)	local copy

perma-link to the smallest file on my server:
http://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.13.0.min.js (or via HTTPS)

You will automatically get the smallest lodash 4.13.0 file, ETag caching is available and
if your browser doesn't support GZIP decompression then the uncompressed version will be sent.

Currently best Zopfli settings

Save 826 bytes by using my lodash 4.13.0 Zopfli version instead of the best available CDN (3.83% smaller than jsdelivr, 21590 vs. 22416 bytes):

Download

You can use my super-compressed files for whatever purpose you like as long as you respect the library's original license agreement.
There are no restrictions from my side - but please avoid hot-linking if you run a high-traffic website.

These command-line settings yielded the best compression ratio so far (Linux version of zopfli-krzymod):
zopfli --i1000000 --mb8 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh

(found May 24, 2016)

Description	Value	Parameter
iterations	1000000	--i1000000
maximum blocks	8	--mb8
maximum length score	8	--mls8
block splitting recursion	23	--bsr23
lazy matching in LZ77	yes	--lazy
optimized Huffman headers	yes	--ohh
initial random W for iterations	1	--rw1
initial random Z for iterations	2	--rz2

Verify file integrity

After decompression, my uncompressed files are identical to the original ones:

MD5:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.13.0/dist/lodash.min.js --location | md5sum
f7a498e67c544d09479073f42f2add1e -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.13.0.min.zopfli.js.gz | md5sum
f7a498e67c544d09479073f42f2add1e -

SHA1:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.13.0/dist/lodash.min.js --location | sha1sum
a70a2338334efd81448d6f716dc81d5b1eb57891 -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.13.0.min.zopfli.js.gz | sha1sum
a70a2338334efd81448d6f716dc81d5b1eb57891 -

These CDNs send you the original file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Timestamp
unpkg	22500 bytes	f7a498e67c544d09479073f42f2add1e	July 13, 2016 @ 13:56
jsdelivr	22416 bytes	f7a498e67c544d09479073f42f2add1e	(invalid)

And some CDNs send you a different file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Comment / Diff	Timestamp
Boot	26687 bytes	e73503846f8eaf8c54f5c58f669a041e	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function i(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,o=t?t.length:0;for(e&&o&&(r=t[++u]);++u<o;)r=n(r, [...] < return-1}function y(t,n,r,e){--r;for(var u=t.length;++r<u; [...] < })}function O(t){return function(n){return t(n)}}function [...] < }function C(t){var n=false;if(null!=t&&typeof t.toString!= [...] [...]	(invalid)
cdnjs	23602 bytes	e73503846f8eaf8c54f5c58f669a041e	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function i(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,o=t?t.length:0;for(e&&o&&(r=t[++u]);++u<o;)r=n(r, [...] < return-1}function y(t,n,r,e){--r;for(var u=t.length;++r<u; [...] < })}function O(t){return function(n){return t(n)}}function [...] < }function C(t){var n=false;if(null!=t&&typeof t.toString!= [...] [...]	(invalid)

Note: only the MD5 hashes are shown to keep things simple.

Other Versions

Available lodash versions at minime.stephan-brumme.com:

4.17.21, 4.17.20, 4.17.19, 4.17.18, 4.17.17, 4.17.16, 4.17.15, 4.17.14, 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.11, 4.17.10, 4.17.9, 4.17.5, 4.17.4, 4.17.3, 4.17.2, 4.17.1, 4.17.0, 4.16.6, 4.16.5, 4.16.4, 4.16.3, 4.16.2, 4.16.1, 4.16.0, 4.15.0, 4.14.2, 4.14.1, 4.14.0, 4.13.1, 4.13.0, 4.12.0, 4.11.2, 4.11.1, 4.11.0, 4.10.0,
4.9.0, 4.8.2, 4.8.1, 4.8.0, 4.7.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.0, 4.5.1, 4.5.0, 4.4.0, 4.3.0, 4.2.1, 4.2.0, 4.1.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.0

The project site contains an overview how well these versions were compressed.
Other interesting projects are AngularJS, BackboneJS, Bootstrap, D3, Dojo, Ember, jQuery, Knockout, React, Socket.IO, ThreeJS, UnderscoreJS and Vue.

Changelog

Best Zopfli parameters so far:

Size	Improvement	Parameters	Found
21590 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i1000000 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh	May 24, 2016 @ 06:58
21594 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i100000 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh	May 23, 2016 @ 12:48
21598 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i10000 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh	May 23, 2016 @ 12:16
21602 bytes	-9 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh	May 23, 2016 @ 12:13
21611 bytes	–	zopfli --i100 --mls8 --bsr23 --lazy --ohh	May 23, 2016 @ 12:09

If there are multiple parameter sets yielding the same compressed size, only the first one found is shown.

Most recent activity on July 20, 2020 @ 12:51.

Heatmaps

This Zopfli heatmap visualizes how compression changes when modifying the --bsr and --mls parameter.
Cell's contents is the best filesize achieved (in bytes, hover with mouse over cells to see number of iterations).

Good parameters are green, bad are red. The best and worst are bold as well.
The brightness of the blue background color indicates how many iterations were processed:
10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000.

bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
2	21624	21629	21628	21648	21646	21647	21647	21650	21646	21642	21646	21643	21636	21638	21640
4	21607	21610	21607	21611	21611	21611	21608	21611	21625	21616	21623	21620	21615	21624	21612
6	21611	21606	21621	21612	21604	21606	21607	21613	21619	21615	21611	21613	21616	21611	21620
7	21602	21600	21608	21606	21613	21603	21620	21628	21618	21616	21611	21624	21613	21637	21610
8	21612	21612	21605	21614	21612	21608	21609	21611	21613	21620	21610	21619	21617	21620	21610
9	21608	21603	21617	21606	21609	21607	21612	21620	21615	21616	21609	21613	21619	21620	21612
10	21610	21611	21604	21613	21618	21611	21616	21607	21615	21616	21615	21610	21617	21632	21614
11	21600	21609	21608	21605	21605	21619	21615	21615	21612	21616	21611	21616	21613	21631	21607
12	21609	21606	21606	21606	21615	21608	21611	21618	21619	21620	21615	21613	21609	21638	21611
13	21605	21602	21602	21605	21616	21613	21612	21607	21615	21616	21613	21615	21617	21605	21606
14	21609	21603	21606	21605	21604	21611	21613	21618	21618	21619	21609	21615	21617	21624	21612
15	21601	21602	21605	21606	21608	21609	21615	21606	21615	21616	21613	21619	21613	21620	21616
16	21607	21604	21599	21618	21618	21612	21615	21607	21618	21620	21610	21614	21612	21622	21609
17	21611	21605	21595	21611	21611	21608	21612	21609	21618	21617	21612	21616	21617	21620	21614
18	21608	21604	21599	21605	21601	21614	21620	21615	21619	21620	21615	21610	21615	21608	21609
19	21601	21601	21612	21611	21612	21612	21619	21606	21615	21616	21609	21616	21618	21625	21612
20	21608	21608	21608	21605	21606	21603	21613	21617	21619	21612	21610	21613	21607	21619	21611
21	21601	21599	21600	21607	21614	21601	21615	21618	21609	21616	21608	21615	21619	21606	21611
22	21608	21600	21607	21612	21609	21615	21615	21615	21611	21619	21609	21614	21615	21606	21609
23	21603	21601	21590	21607	21606	21615	21610	21607	21612	21619	21612	21612	21612	21618	21612
25	21602	21608	21607	21606	21617	21613	21610	21609	21612	21616	21612	21613	21609	21624	21611
30	21607	21602	21600	21607	21613	21614	21616	21609	21614	21615	21610	21613	21615	21609	21614
40	21608	21603	21599	21605	21616	21613	21611	21613	21616	21617	21614	21615	21611	21621	21611

Due to the Monte Carlo design of my search algorithm, not all parameters have reached the same number of iterations yet:

Iterations	Min. Bytes	Reduction	Coverage
100	21611 bytes	–	100%
1,000	21601 bytes	-10 bytes	100%
10,000	21596 bytes	-5 bytes	100%
100,000	21594 bytes	-2 bytes	0.58%
1,000,000	21590 bytes	-4 bytes	0.29%
10,000,000	–	–	–

KZIP has far less options available for tuning/optimization. I only played around with the number of blocks (parameter -n):

Blocks	Min. Bytes	Compared To Best Zopfli	Compared To Best KZIP
(any)	21674 bytes	+84 bytes (+0.39%)	+13 bytes
1	21723 bytes	+133 bytes (+0.62%)	+62 bytes
2	21664 bytes	+74 bytes (+0.34%)	+3 bytes
3	21674 bytes	+84 bytes (+0.39%)	+13 bytes
4	21661 bytes	+71 bytes (+0.33%)	–
5	21677 bytes	+87 bytes (+0.40%)	+16 bytes
6	21701 bytes	+111 bytes (+0.51%)	+40 bytes
7	21723 bytes	+133 bytes (+0.62%)	+62 bytes
8	21748 bytes	+158 bytes (+0.73%)	+87 bytes

Non-DEFLATE Algorithms

Archivers based on completely different compression algorithms often produce superior results.
Unfortunately, browsers only support gzip compression at the moment.
However, support for Brotli is constantly growing - for example, your browser actually supports it !

Algorithm	Program	Parameters	Size	Compared To Best Zopfli
ZPAQ (Wikipedia)	zpaq	zpaq -method 69	18251 bytes	-3339 bytes (-15.47%)
RAR (proprietary)	RAR	rar a -m5 -md64m -mc63:128t -mt1	18567 bytes	-3023 bytes (-14.00%)
PPMd (Wikipedia)	7zip	7za a -mx=9 -m0=ppmd	18939 bytes	-2651 bytes (-12.28%)
Brotli (Wikipedia)	brotli	brotli -q 11	20265 bytes	-1325 bytes (-6.14%)
LZMA2 (Wikipedia)	xz	xz -9	20768 bytes	-822 bytes (-3.81%)
Burrows-Wheeler transform (Wikipedia)	bzip2	bzip2 -9	20871 bytes	-719 bytes (-3.33%)
Zstandard (Wikipedia)	zstd	zstd -19	21439 bytes	-151 bytes (-0.70%)

Detailled Analysis

I wrote a DEFLATE decoder in Javascript. Click the button below to start a client-side analysis of the smallest gzipped files (may take a second):

Load and Parse Data

Notes: pigz is a fast open source multi-threaded implementation of gzip written by one of the original authors of gzip.
However, when using compression level 11, pigz actually switches to the slower Zopfli algorithm and isn't multi-threaded anymore.
KrzyMOD's extensions to Zopfli offer the highest level of configuration and is therefore used for my brute-force search.
Ken Silverman wrote the closed-source KZIP compression program and Jonathon Fowler ported it to Linux.
Defluff was created by Joachim Henke; DeflOpt is a tool by Ben Jos Walbeehm.

website made by Stephan Brumme in 2015 and still improving in 2025.
all timestamps are displayed in central european time. see my changelog.
no flash, not even images or external css files - and everything squeezed into a single html file.
which was handsomely compressed before releasing it into the wild internet - obviously.

please visit my homepage and my blog, too.
email: minime (at) stephan-brumme.com

All trademarks are property of their respective owners. You know, the boring legal stuff.