lodash 4.16.1 - as small as it gets (near-perfect GZIP compression)

Choose a version:

The original file has 531940 bytes (519.5k) and is available from the project website.
There you can find the official minified version, too, which brings down the size to 71078 bytes (69.4k, 13%).

After GZIP compression these minified files vary in size:

Boot	28064 bytes (27.4k)	CDN
cdnjs	25029 bytes (24.4k)	CDN
unpkg	23725 bytes (23.2k)	CDN
gzip -6 (default)	23665 bytes (23.1k)	local copy
jsdelivr	23609 bytes (23.1k)	CDN
gzip -9	23602 bytes (23.0k)	local copy
libdeflate -12	22797 bytes (22.3k)	local copy
7zip -mx=9 -tgzip	22791 bytes (22.3k)	local copy
kzip -s0 -rn -b6	22738 bytes (22.2k)	local copy
zultra	22733 bytes (22.2k)	local copy
pigz -11 -n	22678 bytes (22.1k)	local copy
Zopfli	22643 bytes (22.1k)	local copy
Zopfli (defluff)	22642 bytes (22.1k)	local copy

perma-link to the smallest file on my server:
http://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.1.min.js (or via HTTPS)

You will automatically get the smallest lodash 4.16.1 file, ETag caching is available and
if your browser doesn't support GZIP decompression then the uncompressed version will be sent.

Currently best Zopfli settings

Save 966 bytes by using my lodash 4.16.1 Zopfli version instead of the best available CDN (4.27% smaller than jsdelivr, 22643 vs. 23609 bytes):

Download

You can use my super-compressed files for whatever purpose you like as long as you respect the library's original license agreement.
There are no restrictions from my side - but please avoid hot-linking if you run a high-traffic website.

These command-line settings yielded the best compression ratio so far (Linux version of zopfli-krzymod):
zopfli --i1000000 --mb8 --mls8 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh

(found September 22, 2016)

Description	Value	Parameter
iterations	1000000	--i1000000
maximum blocks	8	--mb8
maximum length score	8	--mls8
block splitting recursion	14	--bsr14
lazy matching in LZ77	yes	--lazy
optimized Huffman headers	yes	--ohh
initial random W for iterations	1	--rw1
initial random Z for iterations	2	--rz2

Even Smaller Files Thanks To Defluff

Zopfli's output can be further optimized by the defluff tool.
In this particular case, defluff saves 1 more byte (22642 bytes).

Download

Verify file integrity

After decompression, my uncompressed files are identical to the original ones:

MD5:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.16.1/dist/lodash.min.js --location | md5sum
41883d2855be414b859c20ecf9dd6274 -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.1.min.zopfli.js.gz | md5sum
41883d2855be414b859c20ecf9dd6274 -

SHA1:
curl --silent --compressed https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lodash/lodash/4.16.1/dist/lodash.min.js --location | sha1sum
f86dbb7795a15f660106f2e8a44714d42f076a81 -
curl --silent --compressed https://minime.stephan-brumme.com/files/lodash/lodash-4.16.1.min.zopfli.js.gz | sha1sum
f86dbb7795a15f660106f2e8a44714d42f076a81 -

These CDNs send you the original file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Timestamp
unpkg	23725 bytes	41883d2855be414b859c20ecf9dd6274	September 21, 2016 @ 10:51
jsdelivr	23609 bytes	41883d2855be414b859c20ecf9dd6274	(invalid)

And some CDNs send you a different file:

CDN	Size (compressed)	MD5 (uncompressed)	Comment / Diff	Timestamp
Boot	28064 bytes	f6737d37b38b5b52ba76e8d12a46ac7a	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function o(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,i=t?t.length:0;for(e&&i&&(r=t[++u]);++u<i;)r=n(r, [...] < break t}t=-1}else t=g(t,b,r);return t}function y(t,n,r,e){ [...] < var i=n(t[e]);i!==F&&(r=r===F?i:r+i)}return r}function E(t [...] < return t.forEach(function(t,e){r[++n]=[e,t]}),r}function C [...] [...]	September 21, 2016 @ 17:15
cdnjs	25029 bytes	f6737d37b38b5b52ba76e8d12a46ac7a	< /** < * @license < * lodash lodash.com/license \| Underscore.js 1.8.3 undersc [...] < */ < ;(function(){function t(t,n){return t.set(n[0],n[1]),t}fun [...] < return t}function o(t,n){for(var r=-1,e=t?t.length:0;++r<e [...] < var u=-1,i=t?t.length:0;for(e&&i&&(r=t[++u]);++u<i;)r=n(r, [...] < break t}t=-1}else t=g(t,b,r);return t}function y(t,n,r,e){ [...] < var i=n(t[e]);i!==F&&(r=r===F?i:r+i)}return r}function E(t [...] < return t.forEach(function(t,e){r[++n]=[e,t]}),r}function C [...] [...]	(invalid)

Note: only the MD5 hashes are shown to keep things simple.

Other Versions

Available lodash versions at minime.stephan-brumme.com:

4.17.21, 4.17.20, 4.17.19, 4.17.18, 4.17.17, 4.17.16, 4.17.15, 4.17.14, 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.11, 4.17.10, 4.17.9, 4.17.5, 4.17.4, 4.17.3, 4.17.2, 4.17.1, 4.17.0, 4.16.6, 4.16.5, 4.16.4, 4.16.3, 4.16.2, 4.16.1, 4.16.0, 4.15.0, 4.14.2, 4.14.1, 4.14.0, 4.13.1, 4.13.0, 4.12.0, 4.11.2, 4.11.1, 4.11.0, 4.10.0,
4.9.0, 4.8.2, 4.8.1, 4.8.0, 4.7.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.0, 4.5.1, 4.5.0, 4.4.0, 4.3.0, 4.2.1, 4.2.0, 4.1.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.0

The project site contains an overview how well these versions were compressed.
Other interesting projects are AngularJS, BackboneJS, Bootstrap, D3, Dojo, Ember, jQuery, Knockout, React, Socket.IO, ThreeJS, UnderscoreJS and Vue.

Changelog

Best Zopfli parameters so far:

Size	Improvement	Parameters	Found
22643 bytes	-1 byte	zopfli --i1000000 --mls8 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 22, 2016 @ 01:41
22644 bytes	-2 bytes	zopfli --i100000 --mls8 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 21, 2016 @ 13:51
22646 bytes	-4 bytes	zopfli --i10000 --mls8 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 21, 2016 @ 12:44
22650 bytes	-2 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls8 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 21, 2016 @ 11:25
22652 bytes	-5 bytes	zopfli --i1000 --mls512 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 21, 2016 @ 11:24
22657 bytes	–	zopfli --i100 --mls512 --bsr14 --lazy --ohh	September 21, 2016 @ 11:13

If there are multiple parameter sets yielding the same compressed size, only the first one found is shown.

Most recent activity on July 20, 2020 @ 12:49.

Heatmaps

This Zopfli heatmap visualizes how compression changes when modifying the --bsr and --mls parameter.
Cell's contents is the best filesize achieved (in bytes, hover with mouse over cells to see number of iterations).

Good parameters are green, bad are red. The best and worst are bold as well.
The brightness of the blue background color indicates how many iterations were processed:
10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000.

bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
bsr \ mls	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024	2048	4096	8192	16384	32768
2	22688	22687	22685	22687	22682	22679	22695	22676	22676	22681	22680	22686	22685	22695	22703
4	22680	22680	22676	22683	22672	22687	22684	22681	22668	22672	22671	22674	22670	22673	22674
6	22657	22657	22658	22669	22671	22655	22665	22664	22646	22656	22650	22655	22645	22658	22655
7	22660	22651	22656	22657	22659	22657	22661	22657	22654	22660	22657	22655	22657	22671	22661
8	22660	22661	22668	22658	22656	22659	22661	22655	22647	22657	22661	22656	22655	22655	22656
9	22662	22650	22655	22666	22655	22656	22660	22656	22662	22656	22656	22656	22659	22674	22670
10	22666	22665	22661	22663	22666	22657	22670	22657	22667	22657	22660	22654	22660	22657	22656
11	22669	22651	22656	22655	22655	22655	22662	22660	22652	22655	22657	22652	22657	22671	22666
12	22661	22652	22661	22656	22655	22655	22658	22665	22647	22654	22655	22650	22660	22660	22658
13	22667	22669	22647	22658	22655	22656	22659	22656	22656	22656	22666	22656	22660	22670	22658
14	22656	22669	22643	22663	22655	22657	22662	22657	22645	22656	22651	22664	22652	22659	22671
15	22656	22652	22656	22655	22656	22657	22661	22655	22662	22656	22659	22655	22659	22644	22658
16	22676	22676	22657	22655	22655	22657	22659	22657	22647	22656	22661	22650	22656	22655	22666
17	22658	22651	22655	22668	22655	22656	22661	22656	22656	22656	22656	22656	22657	22672	22655
18	22658	22655	22661	22655	22657	22658	22658	22658	22657	22657	22654	22656	22656	22660	22654
19	22667	22651	22662	22669	22656	22657	22656	22660	22666	22655	22659	22657	22655	22671	22667
20	22660	22652	22660	22658	22664	22657	22663	22657	22654	22657	22666	22651	22657	22669	22656
21	22651	22667	22656	22655	22665	22655	22665	22662	22665	22664	22659	22656	22656	22658	22656
22	22669	22651	22666	22665	22655	22658	22658	22657	22655	22655	22653	22645	22657	22656	22656
23	22658	22668	22657	22656	22658	22654	22657	22663	22660	22657	22656	22654	22656	22672	22656
25	22656	22669	22666	22666	22659	22658	22658	22658	22660	22656	22655	22655	22656	22657	22657
30	22656	22668	22664	22666	22658	22655	22662	22665	22664	22655	22655	22656	22657	22657	22654
40	22658	22651	22660	22658	22659	22657	22659	22656	22654	22660	22661	22656	22658	22657	22658

Due to the Monte Carlo design of my search algorithm, not all parameters have reached the same number of iterations yet:

Iterations	Min. Bytes	Reduction	Coverage
100	22657 bytes	–	100%
1,000	22650 bytes	-7 bytes	100%
10,000	22646 bytes	-4 bytes	100%
100,000	22644 bytes	-2 bytes	3.19%
1,000,000	22643 bytes	-1 byte	0.58%
10,000,000	–	–	–

KZIP has far less options available for tuning/optimization. I only played around with the number of blocks (parameter -n):

Blocks	Min. Bytes	Compared To Best Zopfli	Compared To Best KZIP
(any)	22743 bytes	+100 bytes (+0.44%)	+5 bytes
1	22894 bytes	+251 bytes (+1.11%)	+156 bytes
2	22775 bytes	+132 bytes (+0.58%)	+37 bytes
3	22780 bytes	+137 bytes (+0.61%)	+42 bytes
4	22772 bytes	+129 bytes (+0.57%)	+34 bytes
5	22741 bytes	+98 bytes (+0.43%)	+3 bytes
6	22738 bytes	+95 bytes (+0.42%)	–
7	22755 bytes	+112 bytes (+0.49%)	+17 bytes
8	22783 bytes	+140 bytes (+0.62%)	+45 bytes

Non-DEFLATE Algorithms

Archivers based on completely different compression algorithms often produce superior results.
Unfortunately, browsers only support gzip compression at the moment.
However, support for Brotli is constantly growing - for example, your browser actually supports it !

Algorithm	Program	Parameters	Size	Compared To Best Zopfli
ZPAQ (Wikipedia)	zpaq	zpaq -method 69	19077 bytes	-3566 bytes (-15.75%)
RAR (proprietary)	RAR	rar a -m5 -md64m -mc63:128t -mt1	19640 bytes	-3003 bytes (-13.26%)
PPMd (Wikipedia)	7zip	7za a -mx=9 -m0=ppmd	20380 bytes	-2263 bytes (-9.99%)
Brotli (Wikipedia)	brotli	brotli -q 11	21172 bytes	-1471 bytes (-6.50%)
LZMA2 (Wikipedia)	xz	xz -9	21660 bytes	-983 bytes (-4.34%)
Burrows-Wheeler transform (Wikipedia)	bzip2	bzip2 -9	22004 bytes	-639 bytes (-2.82%)
Zstandard (Wikipedia)	zstd	zstd -19	22511 bytes	-132 bytes (-0.58%)

Detailled Analysis

I wrote a DEFLATE decoder in Javascript. Click the button below to start a client-side analysis of the smallest gzipped files (may take a second):

Load and Parse Data

Notes: pigz is a fast open source multi-threaded implementation of gzip written by one of the original authors of gzip.
However, when using compression level 11, pigz actually switches to the slower Zopfli algorithm and isn't multi-threaded anymore.
KrzyMOD's extensions to Zopfli offer the highest level of configuration and is therefore used for my brute-force search.
Ken Silverman wrote the closed-source KZIP compression program and Jonathon Fowler ported it to Linux.
Defluff was created by Joachim Henke; DeflOpt is a tool by Ben Jos Walbeehm.

website made by Stephan Brumme in 2015 and still improving in 2024.
all timestamps are displayed in central european time. see my changelog.
no flash, not even images or external css files - and everything squeezed into a single html file.
which was handsomely compressed before releasing it into the wild internet - obviously.

please visit my homepage and my blog, too.
email: minime (at) stephan-brumme.com

All trademarks are property of their respective owners. You know, the boring legal stuff.